One of Shakespeare's most famous but also enigmatic plays, for many years the story of Prospero's exile from his native Milan, and life with his daughter Miranda on an unnamed island in the Mediterranean, was seen as an autobiographical dramatisation of Shakespeare's departure from the London stage. The Epilogue, spoken by Prospero, claims that "now my charms are all o'erthrown", appeared to reflect Shakespeare's own renunciation of his magical dramatic powers as he retired to Stratford. But The Tempest is far more than this, as recent commentators have pointed out. The dramatic action observes the classical unities of time, place and action, as Prospero uses his "rough magic" to lure his wicked usurping brother, Antonio, and King Alonso of Naples to his island retreat to torment them before engineering his return to Milan. However, the play is full of extraordinary anomalies and fantastic interludes, including Gonzalo's fantasy of a utopian commonwealth, Prospero's magical servant Ariel, and the "poisonous slave" Caliban. The creation of Caliban has particularly fascinated critics, who have noticed in his creation a colonial dimension to the play. In this respect Caliban can be seen as an American Indian or African slave, who articulates a particularly powerful strain of anti-colonial sentiment, telling Prospero that "this island's mine, by Sycorax my mother, Which thou tak'st from me". This has led to an intense reassessment of the play from a post-colonial perspective, as critics and historians have debated the extent to which the play endorses or criticises early English colonial expansion. --Jerry Brotton
SHAKESPEARE WILLIAM
Bautizado el 26 de abril de 1564, Stratford-upon-Avon, - 23 de abril de 1616, Stratford-upon-Avon.
William Shakespeare fue un poeta, dramaturgo y actor inglés, considerado el más grande autor dramático de todos los tiempos. Resulta muy difícil hablar de Shakespeare sin caer en tópicos. A pesar de que sus obras se escribieron a caballo entre los siglos XVI y XVII y se representaron en un teatro modesto, la inmensa mayoría han sobrevivido, se siguen representando en todo el mundo y forman parte del acervo cultural. Paradójicamente, la vida del llamado "cisne de Avon" sigue envuelta de misterio. Por no saber, no se sabe con seguridad ni el día en que nació. De hecho, existen conspiranoicos que aseguran que en realidad las obras no las escribió él, sino que simplemente las firmó, y que el verdadero autor fue Edward de Vere, XVII conde de Oxford, que se escondió tras la figura del actor. En cualquier caso, lo importante es su legado. Shakespeare cultivó con igual acierto drama y comedia. De su vasta obra cabe destacar Hamlet, Macbeth, Otelo, El rey Lear, Mucho ruido y pocas nueces y Romeo y Julieta.
