THE HOUSE OF MIRTH
POLICIAL | NOVELA NEGRA |
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ISBN-13: 978-0-486-42049-3 9780486420493
"The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning; but the heart of fools is in the house of mirth," warns Ecclesiastes 7:4, and so does the novel by Edith Wharton that takes its title from this call to heed. New York at the turn of the century was a time of opulence and frivolity for those who could afford it. But for those who couldn't and yet wanted desperately to keep up with the whirlwind, like Wharton's charming Lily Bart, it was something else altogether: a gilded cage rather than the Gilded Age. One of Wharton's earliest descriptions of her heroine, in the library of her bachelor friend and sometime suitor Lawrence Selden, indicates that she appears "as though she were a captured dryad subdued to the conventions of the drawing room." Indeed, herein lies Lily's problem. She has, we're told, "been brought up to be ornamental," and yet her spirit is larger than what this ancillary role requires. By today's standards she would be nothing more than a mild rebel, but in the era into which Wharton drops her unmercifully, this tiny spark of character, combined with numerous assaults by vicious society women and bad luck, ultimately renders Lily persona non grata. Her own ambivalence about her position serves to open the door to disaster: several times she is on the verge of "good" marriage and squanders it at the last moment, unwilling to play by the rules of a society that produces, as she calls them, "poor, miserable, marriageable girls. Lily's rather violent tumble down the social ladder provides a thumbnail sketch of the general injustices of the upper classes which, incidentally, Wharton never quite manages to condemn entirely, clearly believing that such life is cruel but without alternative . From her start as a beautiful woman at the height of her powers to her sad finale as a recently fired milliner's assistant addicted to sleeping drugs, Lily Bart is heroic, not least for her final admission of her own role in her downfall. "Once--twice--you gave me the chance to escape from my life and I refused it: refused it because I was a coward," she tells Selden as the book draws to a close. All manner of hideous socialite beasts--some of whose treatment by Wharton, such as the token social-climbing Jew, Simon Rosedale, date the book unfortunately--wander through the novel while Lily plummets. As her tale winds down to nothing more than the remnants of social grace and cold hard cash, it's hard not to agree with Lily's own assessment of herself: "I have tried hard--but life is difficult, and I am a very useless person. I can hardly be said to have an independent existence. I was just a screw or a cog in the great machine I called life, and when I dropped out of it I found I was of no use anywhere else." Nevertheless, it's even harder not to believe that she deserved better, which is why The House of Mirth remains so timely and so vital in spite of its crushing end and its unflattering portrait of what life offers up. --Melanie Rehak
WHARTON EDITH
Edith Wharton nació en Nueva York en 1862. Su nombre de soltera era Edith Newbold Jones. Su familia era de clase alta, comparable a la aristocracia europea, y consecuentemente recibió una esmerada educación privada. Antes de cumplir los cinco años viajó por primera vez con sus padres a Europa. En 1885, cuando tenía veintitrés años, Edith se casó con Edgard Teddy Robbins Wharton, doce años mayor que ella. Se divorciaron en 1913 a causa de las repetidas y públicas infidelidades de su marido, que afectaron mental y físicamente a la escritora y que motivaron que tuviera que ser ingresada en una casa de reposo. A partir de su matrimonio también pasaría parte de cada año en Europa: en Italia primero y en París después, donde se estableció en 1907, en un apartamento en la rue de Varennes donde viviría rodeada de princesas y duquesas, novelistas, historiadores y pintores, hasta su muerte. Durante un tiempo mantuvo un sonado idilio con el periodista estadounidense William Morton Fullerton. Su primera novela, El valle de la decisión, se publicó en 1902: un romance histórico que transcurre en la Italia del siglo XVIII. El año siguiente publicaría Santuario Impedimenta, 2007 , y en 1905 vería la luz su primera gran novela, La casa de la alegría. En 1907 se estableció definitivamente en Francia, donde se convirtió en discípula y amiga de Henry James. De esta época destaca su novela corta Ethan Frome, una trágica historia de amor entre personas corrientes ambientada en Nueva Inglaterra, que se publicó en 1911. Su obra más conocida es La edad de la inocencia, publicada en 1920 y ganadora del premio Pulitzer en 1921. Edith Wharton está considerada la más genial novelista americana de su generación, admirada por intelectuales de la talla de Henry James, Francis Scott Fitzgerald, Jean Cocteau y Ernest Hemingway. Falleció el 11 de agosto de 1937 en la localidad de Sain-Brice-sous-For t, cerca de París. Está enterrada en el Cementerio de Gonards en Versalles. Impedimenta también ha publicado sus novelas La solterona 1907; Impedimenta, 2013 y Madame de Treymes 1921; Impedimenta, 2015 , el volumen de relatos Cuentos inquietantes Impedimenta, 2015 y una serie de artículos escritos durante la Primera Guerra Mundial recogidos en el volumen Francia combatiente Impedimenta, 2009 .
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